YandexBot

The wire fingerprints traffic claiming to be this crawler presented, split by whether a channel the operator publishes for verification — its IP ranges or forward-confirmed reverse DNS — confirmed the claim.

Claims in window

Same adjudication as the stats page: a claim confirmed by either channel the operator publishes — its IP ranges or forward-confirmed reverse DNS — is legit; one confirmed by neither is spoofed. Operators differ in which channels they offer, and either alone fully identifies. Sources count distinct clients, not traffic. Fingerprint windows below are day-granular, like sources.

observationssourceslegitspoofedspoof rate
2095444.4%

Fingerprints presented by confirmed traffic

The highest-volume fingerprints the operator's own traffic runs, per signal — claims confirmed via operator-published channels. A Match pill marks an exact match against a controlled capture — an association with known stacks, not an identity verdict: unrelated clients built on the same stack can legitimately share a fingerprint.

TLS ClientHello (JA4)

fingerprintobservations
t13d3112h2_e8f1e7e78f70_8d633dac7124 4
t13d3112h1_e8f1e7e78f70_8d633dac7124 1

HTTP request (JA4H)

fingerprintobservations
ge20nn040000_b221e026a664_000000000000_000000000000 4
ge11nn060000_3e7ded867bc2_000000000000_000000000000 1

HTTP/2 frames (Akamai)

fingerprintobservations
3:100;4:65536;2:0|1048510465|0|m,s,a,p Match?Exact match in Thumbprint's published controlled catalog captures: curl 8.13.0, curl 8.18.0, curl 8.21.0, +7 more.The fingerprint page shows the full measured match list. More on the catalog. 4

TCP SYN (JA4T)

fingerprintobservations
42300_2-4-8-1-3-34-1-1_1410_8 5

TCP SYN (p0f)

fingerprintobservations
4:45+19:0:1410:mss*30,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws,?34,nop,nop::0 2
4:41+23:0:1410:mss*30,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws,?34,nop,nop::0 1
4:44+20:0:1410:mss*30,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws,?34,nop,nop::0 1
4:48+16:0:1410:mss*30,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws,?34,nop,nop:ecn:0 1

Fingerprints presented by unconfirmed claims

The impostor inventory: the highest-volume fingerprints wearing this operator's User-Agent that no operator-published channel confirms, per signal. A Match pill here shows known clients measured producing the same fingerprint an impostor presents.

TLS ClientHello (JA4)

fingerprintobservations
t13d1011h1_61a7ad8aa9b6_3a8073edd8ef 13
t13d131000_f57a46bbacb6_e7c285222651 Match?Exact match in Thumbprint's published controlled catalog captures: go-net/http 1.23.12.The fingerprint page shows the full measured match list. More on the catalog. 2

HTTP request (JA4H)

fingerprintobservations
ge11nn040000_8b1ed2202073_000000000000_000000000000 7
ge11nr040000_8b1ed2202073_000000000000_000000000000 6
ge11nn030000_cd680697de12_000000000000_000000000000 Match?Exact match in Thumbprint's published controlled catalog captures: powershell 7.6.5, powershell 7.6.4, go-net/http 1.27.0, +7 more.The fingerprint page shows the full measured match list. More on the catalog. 1
ge11nr030000_cd680697de12_000000000000_000000000000 1

TCP SYN (JA4T)

fingerprintobservations
64240_2-4-8-1-3_1460_7 11
42340_2-4-8-1-3_1460_10 2
64620_2-4-8-1-3_1436_7 2

TCP SYN (p0f)

fingerprintobservations
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 4
4:49+15:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 2
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 2
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*29,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 2
4:57+7:0:1436:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 2
4:47+17:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 1
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 1
4:54+10:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 1