Anomalies

Where a client's self-declaration disagrees with what its connection actually proved at the wire. A User-Agent is a claim anyone can set; the TLS, TCP, and HTTP/2 fingerprints below are measured from the bytes. Disagreement is the classic signal of automation dressed as a browser — though VPNs, proxies, privacy tools, and shared fingerprints produce honest mismatches too, so these are leads, not verdicts. Each check scans every co-observed pairing on record (each check previews its top 50 rows — the per-check view holds up to 500).

Browser claim vs. tool fingerprint

A User-Agent claiming a mainstream browser, observed with a TLS ClientHello the JA4+ database identifies as a non-browser tool (curl, a C2 agent, a library). The TLS stack is far harder to forge convincingly than the User-Agent header.

fingerprintUser-Agentclaimswire showsconfidenceseenfirst seenlast seen
t13d191000_9dc949149365_e7c285222651 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:129… User-Agent claims Firefox
JA4 identified as ngrok

The TLS ClientHello is produced by the client's TLS library and is far harder to forge than a User-Agent header. This fingerprint's dominant community label is a non-browser tool, so the browser claim contradicts the wire.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:129.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/129.0
Label distributionngrok
Confidencemedium — fewer than 3 sightings; the label is itself an inference
medium 2 2026-09-14 2026-09-15
t13d191000_9dc949149365_e7c285222651 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv… User-Agent claims Firefox
JA4 identified as ngrok

The TLS ClientHello is produced by the client's TLS library and is far harder to forge than a User-Agent header. This fingerprint's dominant community label is a non-browser tool, so the browser claim contradicts the wire.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:129.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/129.0
Label distributionngrok
Confidencemedium — fewer than 3 sightings; the label is itself an inference
medium 2 2026-09-14 2026-09-15
t13d191000_9dc949149365_e7c285222651 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Edge
JA4 identified as ngrok

The TLS ClientHello is produced by the client's TLS library and is far harder to forge than a User-Agent header. This fingerprint's dominant community label is a non-browser tool, so the browser claim contradicts the wire.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/128.0.0.0
Label distributionngrok
Confidencemedium — fewer than 3 sightings; the label is itself an inference
medium 2 2026-09-14 2026-09-15
t13d191000_9dc949149365_e7c285222651 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.… User-Agent claims Chrome
JA4 identified as ngrok

The TLS ClientHello is produced by the client's TLS library and is far harder to forge than a User-Agent header. This fingerprint's dominant community label is a non-browser tool, so the browser claim contradicts the wire.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Label distributionngrok
Confidencemedium — fewer than 3 sightings; the label is itself an inference
medium 2 2026-09-14 2026-09-15
t13d191000_9dc949149365_e7c285222651 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims Chrome
JA4 identified as ngrok

The TLS ClientHello is produced by the client's TLS library and is far harder to forge than a User-Agent header. This fingerprint's dominant community label is a non-browser tool, so the browser claim contradicts the wire.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Label distributionngrok
Confidencemedium — fewer than 3 sightings; the label is itself an inference
medium 2 2026-09-14 2026-09-15
t13d191000_9dc949149365_e7c285222651 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Chrome
JA4 identified as ngrok

The TLS ClientHello is produced by the client's TLS library and is far harder to forge than a User-Agent header. This fingerprint's dominant community label is a non-browser tool, so the browser claim contradicts the wire.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Label distributionngrok
Confidencemedium — fewer than 3 sightings; the label is itself an inference
medium 2 2026-09-14 2026-09-15
t13d191000_9dc949149365_e7c285222651 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims Safari
JA4 identified as ngrok

The TLS ClientHello is produced by the client's TLS library and is far harder to forge than a User-Agent header. This fingerprint's dominant community label is a non-browser tool, so the browser claim contradicts the wire.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.5 Safari/605.1.15
Label distributionngrok
Confidencemedium — fewer than 3 sightings; the label is itself an inference
medium 2 2026-09-14 2026-09-15
t13d191000_9dc949149365_e7c285222651 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:129.0… User-Agent claims Firefox
JA4 identified as ngrok

The TLS ClientHello is produced by the client's TLS library and is far harder to forge than a User-Agent header. This fingerprint's dominant community label is a non-browser tool, so the browser claim contradicts the wire.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:129.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/129.0
Label distributionngrok
Confidencemedium — fewer than 3 sightings; the label is itself an inference
medium 2 2026-09-14 2026-09-15
t13d190900_9dc949149365_97f8aa674fd9 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 11; MVK-T2101) Apple… User-Agent claims Edge
JA4 identified as Sliver Agent

The TLS ClientHello is produced by the client's TLS library and is far harder to forge than a User-Agent header. This fingerprint's dominant community label is a non-browser tool, so the browser claim contradicts the wire.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 11; MVK-T2101) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.116 Safari/537.36 EdgA/45.09.4.5083
Label distributionSliver Agent
Confidencemedium — fewer than 3 sightings; the label is itself an inference
medium 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
t13d190900_9dc949149365_97f8aa674fd9 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; SAMSUNG SM-G955F)… User-Agent claims Samsung Browser
JA4 identified as Sliver Agent

The TLS ClientHello is produced by the client's TLS library and is far harder to forge than a User-Agent header. This fingerprint's dominant community label is a non-browser tool, so the browser claim contradicts the wire.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; SAMSUNG SM-G955F) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) SamsungBrowser/16.2 Chrome/92.0.4515.166 Mobile Safari/537.36
Label distributionSliver Agent
Confidencemedium — fewer than 3 sightings; the label is itself an inference
medium 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16

Browser claim vs. measured captures

A User-Agent claiming a browser the catalog has measured, at a version inside the measured range, whose TLS fingerprint is consistent with none of this site's controlled captures of that browser. Where the check above leans on an external label, this one is grounded in measurement. The comparison is layered: a fingerprint differing from a capture only in handshake-variant extensions (session resumption, 0-RTT, session tickets, padding) counts as consistent and is not shown; a differing cipher list is the stronger lead (medium); matching ciphers with a differing extension or signature-algorithm set is weaker (low) — most often a field-trial, ECH, or build variant not yet captured. It sharpens as catalog coverage broadens.

fingerprintUser-Agentclaimswire showsconfidenceseenfirst seenlast seen
t13d151000_8daaf6152771_18e8a06d9b2d Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Chrome 153.0.0.0
TLS extensions or signature algorithms differ from every measured Chrome capture

The cipher suites match Chrome, but the extension set or signature algorithms differ from every capture even after normalizing handshake-variant extensions. Most likely a field-trial, ECH, or build variant the catalog has not captured; occasionally mimicry. This sharpens as catalog coverage grows.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Claimed version153.0.0.0
Measured versions151.0.7922.174, 149.0.7827.103, 149.0.7827.53, 149.0.7827.115, 149.0.7827.114, 153.0.8010.47, 149.0.7827.54, 149.0.7827.201, 150.0.7871.187, 153.0.8010.36, 151.0.7922.170, 152.0.7977.83, 152.0.7977.82, 152.0.7977.65, 150.0.7871.114, 150.0.7871.115, 150.0.7871.129, 151.0.7922.72, 151.0.7922.137, 152.0.7977.75, 151.0.7922.173, 149.0.7827.102, 149.0.7827.156, 151.0.7922.71, 150.0.7871.128, 151.0.7922.108, 149.0.7827.155, 150.0.7871.125, 150.0.7871.46, 151.0.7922.109, 152.0.7977.64, 148.0.7778.179, 149.0.7827.200
Layercipher suites match; extension set or signature algorithms differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
low 39 2026-08-28 2026-09-16
t13d1518h2_8daaf6152771_4980c97edce0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Chrome 152.0.0.0
TLS extensions or signature algorithms differ from every measured Chrome capture

The cipher suites match Chrome, but the extension set or signature algorithms differ from every capture even after normalizing handshake-variant extensions. Most likely a field-trial, ECH, or build variant the catalog has not captured; occasionally mimicry. This sharpens as catalog coverage grows.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/152.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Claimed version152.0.0.0
Measured versions151.0.7922.174, 149.0.7827.103, 149.0.7827.53, 149.0.7827.115, 149.0.7827.114, 153.0.8010.47, 149.0.7827.54, 149.0.7827.201, 150.0.7871.187, 153.0.8010.36, 151.0.7922.170, 152.0.7977.83, 152.0.7977.82, 152.0.7977.65, 150.0.7871.114, 150.0.7871.115, 150.0.7871.129, 151.0.7922.72, 151.0.7922.137, 152.0.7977.75, 151.0.7922.173, 149.0.7827.102, 149.0.7827.156, 151.0.7922.71, 150.0.7871.128, 151.0.7922.108, 149.0.7827.155, 150.0.7871.125, 150.0.7871.46, 151.0.7922.109, 152.0.7977.64, 148.0.7778.179, 149.0.7827.200
Layercipher suites match; extension set or signature algorithms differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
low 18 2026-07-22 2026-09-16
t13d1518h2_8daaf6152771_4980c97edce0 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.… User-Agent claims Chrome 153.0.0.0
TLS extensions or signature algorithms differ from every measured Chrome capture

The cipher suites match Chrome, but the extension set or signature algorithms differ from every capture even after normalizing handshake-variant extensions. Most likely a field-trial, ECH, or build variant the catalog has not captured; occasionally mimicry. This sharpens as catalog coverage grows.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Claimed version153.0.0.0
Measured versions151.0.7922.174, 149.0.7827.103, 149.0.7827.53, 149.0.7827.115, 149.0.7827.114, 153.0.8010.47, 149.0.7827.54, 149.0.7827.201, 150.0.7871.187, 153.0.8010.36, 151.0.7922.170, 152.0.7977.83, 152.0.7977.82, 152.0.7977.65, 150.0.7871.114, 150.0.7871.115, 150.0.7871.129, 151.0.7922.72, 151.0.7922.137, 152.0.7977.75, 151.0.7922.173, 149.0.7827.102, 149.0.7827.156, 151.0.7922.71, 150.0.7871.128, 151.0.7922.108, 149.0.7827.155, 150.0.7871.125, 150.0.7871.46, 151.0.7922.109, 152.0.7977.64, 148.0.7778.179, 149.0.7827.200
Layercipher suites match; extension set or signature algorithms differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
low 7 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
t13d1516h3_8daaf6152771_d8a2da3f94cd Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv… User-Agent claims Firefox 155.0
TLS extensions or signature algorithms differ from every measured Firefox capture

The cipher suites match Firefox, but the extension set or signature algorithms differ from every capture even after normalizing handshake-variant extensions. Most likely a field-trial, ECH, or build variant the catalog has not captured; occasionally mimicry. This sharpens as catalog coverage grows.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:155.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/155.0
Claimed version155.0
Measured versions146.0.1, 152.0.1, 154.0, 140.0.2, 151.0.4, 151.0.2, 139.0, 153.0.1, 155.0, 152.0.5, 153.0.3, 142.0.1, 153.0.4, 152.0.6, 150.0.2, 135.0, 132.0, 152.0.3, 148.0.2, 137.0, 141.0, 155.0.1, 153.0, 151.0.3, 144.0.2, 154.0.1, 134.0, 152.0.4, 151.0
Layercipher suites match; extension set or signature algorithms differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
low 4 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
t13d1713h2_5b57614c22b0_f81080dfc557 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv… User-Agent claims Firefox 155.0
TLS extensions or signature algorithms differ from every measured Firefox capture

The cipher suites match Firefox, but the extension set or signature algorithms differ from every capture even after normalizing handshake-variant extensions. Most likely a field-trial, ECH, or build variant the catalog has not captured; occasionally mimicry. This sharpens as catalog coverage grows.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:155.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/155.0
Claimed version155.0
Measured versions146.0.1, 152.0.1, 154.0, 140.0.2, 151.0.4, 151.0.2, 139.0, 153.0.1, 155.0, 152.0.5, 153.0.3, 142.0.1, 153.0.4, 152.0.6, 150.0.2, 135.0, 132.0, 152.0.3, 148.0.2, 137.0, 141.0, 155.0.1, 153.0, 151.0.3, 144.0.2, 154.0.1, 134.0, 152.0.4, 151.0
Layercipher suites match; extension set or signature algorithms differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
low 2 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
t13d260900_6d1bcf7a4624_188c7f576dcd Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Chrome 153.0.0.0
TLS cipher list matches no measured Chrome capture

The offered TLS cipher suites match no controlled capture of Chrome. Cipher lists are very stable per browser, so a different one is a real inconsistency — though a TLS-inspecting proxy re-originating the handshake is an honest cause, which holds this at medium.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Claimed version153.0.0.0
Measured versions151.0.7922.174, 149.0.7827.103, 149.0.7827.53, 149.0.7827.115, 149.0.7827.114, 153.0.8010.47, 149.0.7827.54, 149.0.7827.201, 150.0.7871.187, 153.0.8010.36, 151.0.7922.170, 152.0.7977.83, 152.0.7977.82, 152.0.7977.65, 150.0.7871.114, 150.0.7871.115, 150.0.7871.129, 151.0.7922.72, 151.0.7922.137, 152.0.7977.75, 151.0.7922.173, 149.0.7827.102, 149.0.7827.156, 151.0.7922.71, 150.0.7871.128, 151.0.7922.108, 149.0.7827.155, 150.0.7871.125, 150.0.7871.46, 151.0.7922.109, 152.0.7977.64, 148.0.7778.179, 149.0.7827.200
Layercipher suites differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
medium 2 2026-09-10 2026-09-15
q13d0313h3_55b375c5d22e_eb028bd37c08 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Chrome 152.0.0.0
TLS extensions or signature algorithms differ from every measured Chrome capture

The cipher suites match Chrome, but the extension set or signature algorithms differ from every capture even after normalizing handshake-variant extensions. Most likely a field-trial, ECH, or build variant the catalog has not captured; occasionally mimicry. This sharpens as catalog coverage grows.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/152.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Claimed version152.0.0.0
Measured versions151.0.7922.174, 149.0.7827.103, 149.0.7827.53, 149.0.7827.115, 149.0.7827.114, 153.0.8010.47, 149.0.7827.54, 149.0.7827.201, 150.0.7871.187, 153.0.8010.36, 151.0.7922.170, 152.0.7977.83, 152.0.7977.82, 152.0.7977.65, 150.0.7871.114, 150.0.7871.115, 150.0.7871.129, 151.0.7922.72, 151.0.7922.137, 152.0.7977.75, 151.0.7922.173, 149.0.7827.102, 149.0.7827.156, 151.0.7922.71, 150.0.7871.128, 151.0.7922.108, 149.0.7827.155, 150.0.7871.125, 150.0.7871.46, 151.0.7922.109, 152.0.7977.64, 148.0.7778.179, 149.0.7827.200
Layercipher suites match; extension set or signature algorithms differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
low 2 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
q13d0315h3_55b375c5d22e_78345df32b3a Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:155.0) Gecko/… User-Agent claims Firefox 155.0
TLS extensions or signature algorithms differ from every measured Firefox capture

The cipher suites match Firefox, but the extension set or signature algorithms differ from every capture even after normalizing handshake-variant extensions. Most likely a field-trial, ECH, or build variant the catalog has not captured; occasionally mimicry. This sharpens as catalog coverage grows.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:155.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/155.0
Claimed version155.0
Measured versions146.0.1, 152.0.1, 154.0, 140.0.2, 151.0.4, 151.0.2, 139.0, 153.0.1, 155.0, 152.0.5, 153.0.3, 142.0.1, 153.0.4, 152.0.6, 150.0.2, 135.0, 132.0, 152.0.3, 148.0.2, 137.0, 141.0, 155.0.1, 153.0, 151.0.3, 144.0.2, 154.0.1, 134.0, 152.0.4, 151.0
Layercipher suites match; extension set or signature algorithms differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
low 2 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
t13d131200_f57a46bbacb6_9249cab70c77 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 15; SM-S918B) AppleW… User-Agent claims Chrome 148.0.1265.105
TLS cipher list matches no measured Chrome capture

The offered TLS cipher suites match no controlled capture of Chrome. Cipher lists are very stable per browser, so a different one is a real inconsistency — though a TLS-inspecting proxy re-originating the handshake is an honest cause, which holds this at medium.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 15; SM-S918B) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; TelegramBot/1.0) Chrome/148.0.1265.105 Mobile Safari/537.36
Claimed version148.0.1265.105
Measured versions151.0.7922.174, 149.0.7827.103, 149.0.7827.53, 149.0.7827.115, 149.0.7827.114, 153.0.8010.47, 149.0.7827.54, 149.0.7827.201, 150.0.7871.187, 153.0.8010.36, 151.0.7922.170, 152.0.7977.83, 152.0.7977.82, 152.0.7977.65, 150.0.7871.114, 150.0.7871.115, 150.0.7871.129, 151.0.7922.72, 151.0.7922.137, 152.0.7977.75, 151.0.7922.173, 149.0.7827.102, 149.0.7827.156, 151.0.7922.71, 150.0.7871.128, 151.0.7922.108, 149.0.7827.155, 150.0.7871.125, 150.0.7871.46, 151.0.7922.109, 152.0.7977.64, 148.0.7778.179, 149.0.7827.200
Layercipher suites differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
medium 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
t13d1517h2_8daaf6152771_3e9721a6796e Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:155.0) Gecko/… User-Agent claims Firefox 155.0
TLS extensions or signature algorithms differ from every measured Firefox capture

The cipher suites match Firefox, but the extension set or signature algorithms differ from every capture even after normalizing handshake-variant extensions. Most likely a field-trial, ECH, or build variant the catalog has not captured; occasionally mimicry. This sharpens as catalog coverage grows.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:155.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/155.0
Claimed version155.0
Measured versions146.0.1, 152.0.1, 154.0, 140.0.2, 151.0.4, 151.0.2, 139.0, 153.0.1, 155.0, 152.0.5, 153.0.3, 142.0.1, 153.0.4, 152.0.6, 150.0.2, 135.0, 132.0, 152.0.3, 148.0.2, 137.0, 141.0, 155.0.1, 153.0, 151.0.3, 144.0.2, 154.0.1, 134.0, 152.0.4, 151.0
Layercipher suites match; extension set or signature algorithms differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
t13d131100_f57a46bbacb6_ab7e3b40a677 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 26_1) App… User-Agent claims Safari 26.1
TLS cipher list matches no measured Safari capture

The offered TLS cipher suites match no controlled capture of Safari. Cipher lists are very stable per browser, so a different one is a real inconsistency — though a TLS-inspecting proxy re-originating the handshake is an honest cause, which holds this at medium.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 26_1) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/26.1 Safari/605.1.15
Claimed version26.1
Measured versions26.5, 26.5.2, 26.6.1, 26.4, 26.6.2
Layercipher suites differ
JA4 labelunlabeled
medium 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15

OS claim vs. TCP stack

A User-Agent's claimed operating system against the initial TTL of its TCP SYN. An initial TTL of 64 is Unix-like (Linux, macOS, iOS, Android, BSD); 128 is Windows. A "Windows" User-Agent arriving on a TTL-64 stack — or vice versa — is inconsistent, subject to the proxy/NAT caveats above.

fingerprintUser-Agentclaimswire showsconfidenceseenfirst seenlast seen
6:56+8:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10948 2026-07-22 2026-09-16
6:58+6:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 1799 2026-08-06 2026-09-16
4:116+12:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 116+12 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/600.2.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0.2 Safari/600.2.5 (Gort)
Observed TTL116+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 150 2026-08-01 2026-09-16
4:54+10:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/147.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 89 2026-07-19 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 60 2026-09-11 2026-09-16
4:112+16:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/600.2.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0.2 Safari/600.2.5 (Gort)
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 41 2026-08-01 2026-09-16
6:41+23:0:1340:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-09-15 2026-09-16
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-07-01 2026-09-16
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-07-19 2026-09-16
6:43+21:0:1340:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-09-15 2026-09-16
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*29,11:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-09-13 2026-09-16
4:49+15:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-30 2026-09-15
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Buil… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.8010.36 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-09-11 2026-09-16
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,9:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-27 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1330:mss*49,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-07-20 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/115.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/115.0.1901.203
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-14 2026-09-16
6:51+13:0:1440:65535,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
6:52+12:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-29 2026-09-16
4:112+16:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-17 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,9:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/133.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-06-18 2026-09-16
4:38+26:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 38+26 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL38+26 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-30 2026-09-16
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Buil… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/152.0.7977.82 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-10 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/140.0
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,9:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-13 2026-09-15
6:49+15:0:1432:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/152.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 2 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:42+22:0:1452:mss*44,1:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 2 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:55+9:0:1460:65535,6:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 2 2026-09-10 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 2 2026-06-11 2026-09-16
4:58+6:0:1420:mss*30,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.2817.206 Safari/537.36; compatible; GrokBot/1.0; +https://x.ai/grokbot
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:58+6:0:1420:mss*30,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/151.0.6807.218 Safari/537.36; compatible; Perplexity-User/1.0; +https://perplexity.ai/perplexity-user
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
6:53+11:0:1440:mss*30,9:mss,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:108… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:108.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/108.0
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:58+6:0:1420:mss*30,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 11.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 11.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; GrokBot/1.0; +https://x.ai/grokbot) Chrome/109.0.6761.140 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:58+6:0:1420:mss*30,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/131.0.0.0
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*29,12:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/128.0.0.0
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:58+6:0:1420:mss*46,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:58+6:0:1420:mss*46,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:116+12:0:1460:mss*44,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.… User-Agent claims Linux
TCP SYN initial TTL 116+12 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL116+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSLinux
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,13:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.64 Safari/537.36 Edg/101.0.1210.47
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:47+17:0:1400:mss*44,8:mss,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/153.0.0.0
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:58+6:0:1420:mss*30,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 11.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 11.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; Discordbot/2.0; +https://discordapp.com) Chrome/122.0.4946.140 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
6:50+14:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:58+6:0:1420:mss*30,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 11.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 11.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; OAI-SearchBot/1.4; robots.txt; +https://openai.com/searchbot) Chrome/109.0.287.15 Safari/537.36 Edg/109.0.287.15
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1360:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:106+22:0:1452:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 106+22 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/133.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL106+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1436:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*29,9:mss,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:107… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:107.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/107.0
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:118+10:0:1436:mss*45,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+,ecn:0 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.… User-Agent claims Linux
TCP SYN initial TTL 118+10 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL118+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSLinux
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*29,12:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencelow — single sighting of an environmental signal
low 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15

showing 50 of 54 — view all →

Bot claim vs. operator-published verification

A User-Agent declaring a major bot — a search or AI crawler or a user-triggered fetcher — observed from an IP outside the ranges that operator publishes for it, or inside a different operator's ranges, and confirmed by no other channel the operator publishes. Unlike the checks above, this is not a wire-vs-claim contradiction: it is the self-declared identity against the operator's own published verification channels — its crawler IP list and, where the operator documents one, forward-confirmed reverse DNS; either channel alone identifies. An IP no channel vouches for, arriving under a bot's name, is almost always an impersonator — scrapers spoof crawlers to dodge rate limits and earn crawler treatment. One exception is worded on its rows: operators that publish only their network rather than crawler ranges (Meta) — an outside-network claim there is an unverified anomaly, not proof of spoofing, unless the IP sits inside another operator's published crawler range. Claims one channel confirms while the other denies are identified, listed as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not here; the fully consistent side appears as identified on the fingerprint page.

User-Agentclaimsfrom networkverification showsconfidenceseenfirst seenlast seen
Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Geck… ClaudeBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside ClaudeBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims ClaudeBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges ClaudeBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerClaudeBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 27 2026-08-03 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Geck… Perplexity-User AS396982 Google LLC
Outside Perplexity-User's published ranges

This User-Agent claims Perplexity-User, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges Perplexity-User publishes for its fetcher, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed fetcherPerplexity-User
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 26 2026-07-18 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Geck… GPTBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside GPTBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims GPTBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges GPTBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerGPTBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 24 2026-08-03 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; PerplexityBot/1.0; +htt… PerplexityBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside PerplexityBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims PerplexityBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges PerplexityBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerPerplexityBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 23 2026-08-03 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; OAI-SearchBot/1.3; +htt… OAI-SearchBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside OAI-SearchBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims OAI-SearchBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges OAI-SearchBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerOAI-SearchBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 18 2026-08-03 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Geck… Amazonbot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside Amazonbot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims Amazonbot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges Amazonbot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerAmazonbot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 15 2026-08-25 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Geck… OAI-SearchBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside OAI-SearchBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims OAI-SearchBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges OAI-SearchBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerOAI-SearchBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 14 2026-08-25 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Geck… PerplexityBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside PerplexityBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims PerplexityBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges PerplexityBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerPerplexityBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 14 2026-08-25 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://… Googlebot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside Googlebot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims Googlebot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges Googlebot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerGooglebot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencemedium — softened: the source is the operator's own network, where a too-new range or a non-bot host is a likelier cause than a spoof
medium 12 2026-06-27 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Geck… Amzn-SearchBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside Amzn-SearchBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims Amzn-SearchBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges Amzn-SearchBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerAmzn-SearchBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 10 2026-08-25 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; GPTBot/1.4; +https://op… GPTBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside GPTBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims GPTBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges GPTBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerGPTBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 10 2026-08-25 2026-09-15
DuckAssistBot/1.1 (https://duckduckgo.com/duckas… DuckAssistBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside DuckAssistBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims DuckAssistBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges DuckAssistBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerDuckAssistBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 7 2026-09-11 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MistralAI-User/1.0; +ht… MistralAI-User AS396982 Google LLC
Outside MistralAI-User's published ranges

This User-Agent claims MistralAI-User, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges MistralAI-User publishes for its fetcher, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed fetcherMistralAI-User
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 4 2026-09-11 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 16_4 like Mac… GPTBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside GPTBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims GPTBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges GPTBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerGPTBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_0 like Mac… Perplexity-User AS396982 Google LLC
Outside Perplexity-User's published ranges

This User-Agent claims Perplexity-User, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges Perplexity-User publishes for its fetcher, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed fetcherPerplexity-User
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 14_6_1) A… GPTBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside GPTBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims GPTBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges GPTBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerGPTBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 11.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… OAI-SearchBot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside OAI-SearchBot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims OAI-SearchBot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges OAI-SearchBot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerOAI-SearchBot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… Perplexity-User AS396982 Google LLC
Outside Perplexity-User's published ranges

This User-Agent claims Perplexity-User, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges Perplexity-User publishes for its fetcher, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed fetcherPerplexity-User
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … Amazonbot AS396982 Google LLC
Outside Amazonbot's published ranges

This User-Agent claims Amazonbot, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges Amazonbot publishes for its crawler, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed crawlerAmazonbot
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 14_6_1) A… Perplexity-User AS396982 Google LLC
Outside Perplexity-User's published ranges

This User-Agent claims Perplexity-User, but the connection's IP is outside the ranges Perplexity-User publishes for its fetcher, and no other operator-published channel confirms it. An IP no channel vouches for is almost always an impersonator — honest exceptions (a brand-new range not yet in our snapshot, or a proxy relaying a real fetch) are rare, and claims the operator's reverse DNS does confirm are excluded here (they surface as publication disagreements on the operator's page, not as impersonations).

Claimed fetcherPerplexity-User
NetworkAS396982 Google LLC
Confidencehigh — the operator publishes how to verify its fleet and no published channel vouches for this IP
high 1 2026-09-15 2026-09-15

How confidence is assigned