Anomalies

Where a client's self-declaration disagrees with what its connection actually proved at the wire. A User-Agent is a claim anyone can set; the TLS, TCP, and HTTP/2 fingerprints below are measured from the bytes. Disagreement is the classic signal of automation dressed as a browser — though VPNs, proxies, privacy tools, and shared fingerprints produce honest mismatches too, so these are leads, not verdicts. Each check scans every co-observed pairing on record (showing one check, capped at 500 rows).

OS claim vs. TCP stack

A User-Agent's claimed operating system against the initial TTL of its TCP SYN. An initial TTL of 64 is Unix-like (Linux, macOS, iOS, Android, BSD); 128 is Windows. A "Windows" User-Agent arriving on a TTL-64 stack — or vice versa — is inconsistent, subject to the proxy/NAT caveats above.

fingerprintUser-Agentclaimswire showsconfidenceseenfirst seenlast seen
6:56+8:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10948 2026-07-22 2026-09-16
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 2726 2026-07-01 2026-09-16
6:58+6:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 1799 2026-08-06 2026-09-16
4:53+11:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 1764 2026-07-03 2026-09-16
6:42+22:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 1692 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
6:41+23:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 1063 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
6:56+8:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/145.0.0.0 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 942 2026-07-25 2026-09-15
4:55+9:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 449 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
6:53+11:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 362 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
6:52+12:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 358 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
6:46+18:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 356 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 210 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
4:116+12:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 116+12 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/600.2.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0.2 Safari/600.2.5 (Gort)
Observed TTL116+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 151 2026-08-01 2026-09-16
6:58+6:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/145.0.0.0 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 144 2026-08-06 2026-09-14
4:49+15:0:1400:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/120.0.0.0
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 108 2026-07-29 2026-09-10
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/136.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Chrome-Lighthouse
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 95 2026-06-25 2026-09-13
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 11; moto g power (20… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 11; moto g power (2022)) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/136.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36 Chrome-Lighthouse
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 91 2026-06-25 2026-09-13
4:54+10:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/147.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 91 2026-07-19 2026-09-16
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 60 2026-09-11 2026-09-16
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 53 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*29,11:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 49 2026-08-25 2026-09-10
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 48 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1400:mss*20,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/120.0.0.0
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 48 2026-07-28 2026-09-10
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 46 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 46 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 45 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 43 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 42 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 42 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 42 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:112+16:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/600.2.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0.2 Safari/600.2.5 (Gort)
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 41 2026-08-01 2026-09-16
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 41 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 41 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 40 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 40 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 40 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 40 2026-07-01 2026-09-11
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 39 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 39 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 39 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 39 2026-08-29 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 38 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 37 2026-07-05 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 37 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 37 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
6:41+23:0:1340:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-09-15 2026-09-16
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-08-21 2026-09-14
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-07-24 2026-09-11
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Buil… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.84 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 35 2026-07-01 2026-09-13
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 35 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 35 2026-09-08 2026-09-11
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 35 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 34 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 34 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 34 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 34 2026-07-30 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 33 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-07-05 2026-09-10
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-07-30 2026-09-11
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-22 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 28 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 28 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 28 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 28 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 27 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 27 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:115+13:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 115+13 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/600.2.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0.2 Safari/600.2.5 (Gort)
Observed TTL115+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-07-31 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-22 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-07-01 2026-09-16
4:45+19:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-07-30 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-07-25 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-07-05 2026-09-09
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-26 2026-09-13
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-07-19 2026-09-16
4:44+20:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-07-30 2026-09-09
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-12
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/133.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-07-14 2026-09-11
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:47+17:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:46+18:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-29 2026-09-11
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-30 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-30 2026-09-15
6:43+21:0:1340:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-09-15 2026-09-16
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-07-29 2026-09-10
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-06-19 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-09-03 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-06-19 2026-09-16
4:43+21:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:43+21:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-26 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-07-29 2026-09-11
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:43+21:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:43+21:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:48+16:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:42+22:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-30 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*29,11:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-09-13 2026-09-16
4:46+18:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-09-04 2026-09-13
4:51+13:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:42+22:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/140.0
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-06-20 2026-09-11
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-07-25 2026-09-09
4:44+20:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-13 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-09-02 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:42+22:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:52+12:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-12
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:43+21:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-30 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-26 2026-09-14
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:43+21:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-30 2026-09-10
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-09-01 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-30 2026-09-13
4:46+18:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-09-01 2026-09-13
4:53+11:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-09-02 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1400:mss*20,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/120.0.0.0
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-07-23 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1410:mss*46,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0) AppleWebKit/537.36… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-06-25 2026-09-14
4:58+6:0:1420:mss*46,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-30 2026-09-16
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:49+15:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
6:52+12:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-13 2026-09-14
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-28 2026-09-14
4:48+16:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:41+23:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-30 2026-09-15
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*29,11:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-11 2026-09-10
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:48+16:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-30 2026-09-10
4:43+21:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-31 2026-09-11
4:44+20:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Buil… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.8010.36 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-09-11 2026-09-16
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-06-11 2026-09-16
4:47+17:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-28 2026-09-15
6:54+10:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-09 2026-09-14
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:42+22:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-30 2026-09-15
4:42+22:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1424:59220,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/148.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-28 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/151.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/149.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-02 2026-09-11
4:41+23:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:48+16:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-26 2026-09-10
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:40+24:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 40+24 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL40+24 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-01 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1420:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-26 2026-09-09
4:43+21:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-30 2026-09-13
4:43+21:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:50+14:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-31 2026-09-11
4:54+10:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-02 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
6:48+16:0:1440:65535,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-09 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:46+18:0:1424:59220,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/148.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-30 2026-09-14
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:153… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:153.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/153.0
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:151… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:151.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/151.0
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:152… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:152.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/152.0
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:47+17:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*29,12:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-06-25 2026-09-11
4:54+10:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-30 2026-09-11
4:48+16:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-31 2026-09-09
4:53+11:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-09-02 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.5060.134 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-06-20 2026-09-12
4:49+15:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-30 2026-09-09
4:53+11:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-30 2026-09-10
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-09-04 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-30 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:122+6:0:1420:mss*46,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+,ecn:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 122+6 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL122+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-20 2026-09-14
4:45+19:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:54+10:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*29,12:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-09-10 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.61 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 8 2026-06-11 2026-09-10
4:46+18:0:1432:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-09-03 2026-09-09
4:47+17:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:111+17:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 111+17 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/600.2.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0.2 Safari/600.2.5 (Gort)
Observed TTL111+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-09-09 2026-09-13
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.61 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-06-11 2026-09-13
4:47+17:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-29 2026-09-14
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-29 2026-09-11
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,9:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-27 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:54+10:0:1330:mss*49,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-06-27 2026-09-12
4:51+13:0:1380:mss*47,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-09-10 2026-09-10
4:41+23:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.3
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:56+8:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-09-04 2026-09-09
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:41+23:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-30 2026-09-09
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-09-04 2026-09-11
4:53+11:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-30 2026-09-09
4:53+11:0:1460:35844,0:mss,?34,nop,nop:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-09-07 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-09-03 2026-09-15
4:42+22:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
6:50+14:0:1440:65535,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-08-15 2026-09-15
4:115+13:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 115+13 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL115+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 7 2026-09-09 2026-09-14
4:40+24:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 40+24 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL40+24 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:53+11:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-02 2026-09-10
4:49+15:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:40+24:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 40+24 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL40+24 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-02 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1452:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-02 2026-09-11
4:44+20:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-04 2026-09-15
4:39+25:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 39+25 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL39+25 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-03 2026-09-09
4:42+22:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
6:52+12:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-29 2026-09-16
4:52+12:0:1452:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-04 2026-09-11
4:52+12:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/151.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:48+16:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-29 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-30 2026-09-10
4:45+19:0:1330:mss*49,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-07-20 2026-09-15
4:57+7:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 57+7 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL57+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-04 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/115.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/115.0.1901.203
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-14 2026-09-16
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-26 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-07-29 2026-09-10
4:46+18:0:1440:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-09-03 2026-09-11
4:40+24:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 40+24 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL40+24 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
6:51+13:0:1440:65535,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 6 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1356:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-04 2026-09-15
4:42+22:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-02 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-03 2026-09-11
4:56+8:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-07 2026-09-11
4:43+21:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-07-05 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1356:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-04 2026-09-11
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-29 2026-09-15
6:46+18:0:1440:65535,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-26 2026-09-14
4:44+20:0:1356:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-04 2026-09-13
4:54+10:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-31 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+,ecn:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/152.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-01 2026-09-11
4:50+14:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-01 2026-09-09
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/150.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:55+9:0:1240:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-04 2026-09-15
4:41+23:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:55+9:0:1240:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-04 2026-09-15
6:47+17:0:1440:65535,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-29 2026-09-14
4:40+24:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 40+24 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL40+24 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-31 2026-09-11
4:48+16:0:1412:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:42+22:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-29 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:44+20:0:1356:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-04 2026-09-11
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Agency/93.8.2357.5
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-09 2026-09-13
4:54+10:0:1240:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-04 2026-09-11
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-29 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/147.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-07-01 2026-09-11
4:49+15:0:1404:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:57+7:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 57+7 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL57+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-04 2026-09-09
4:53+11:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-07-11 2026-09-16
4:43+21:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-26 2026-09-11
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-06-13 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-26 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-09-03 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
6:53+11:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:41+23:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-07-05 2026-09-14
4:112+16:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 5 2026-08-17 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1452:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-04 2026-09-10
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:154… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:154.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/154.0
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,9:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-07 2026-09-09
6:48+16:0:1440:65535,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-22 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1410:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-03 2026-09-10
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:44+20:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-31 2026-09-10
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/150.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:120+8:0:1460:mss*44,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+,ecn:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 120+8 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.5 Safari/605.1.15
Observed TTL120+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-07-07 2026-09-12
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-03 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-02 2026-09-11
4:54+10:0:1330:mss*49,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-04 2026-09-11
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/150.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-11 2026-09-11
4:46+18:0:1420:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-01 2026-09-09
4:44+20:0:1432:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-04 2026-09-10
4:43+21:0:1452:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-07-29 2026-09-09
4:120+8:0:1460:mss*44,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+,ecn:0 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:127.0) Gecko/… User-Agent claims Linux
TCP SYN initial TTL 120+8 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:127.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/127.0
Observed TTL120+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSLinux
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-10 2026-09-12
4:44+20:0:1452:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-07 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-30 2026-09-09
4:53+11:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:53+11:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:43+21:0:1356:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-04 2026-09-10
4:53+11:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:47+17:0:1452:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-04 2026-09-09
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-29 2026-09-15
4:55+9:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-31 2026-09-09
4:54+10:0:1460:mss*29,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/154.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-11 2026-09-11
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Buil… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/152.0.7977.82 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-10 2026-09-15
4:40+24:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 40+24 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL40+24 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:38+26:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 38+26 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL38+26 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-30 2026-09-16
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-15 2026-09-15
4:41+23:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1432:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-26 2026-09-10
4:45+19:0:1356:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-26 2026-09-11
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
6:46+18:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:44+20:0:1356:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-26 2026-09-11
6:46+18:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
6:46+18:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:53+11:0:1424:59220,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/148.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-01 2026-09-13
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1356:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-03 2026-09-09
4:44+20:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/133.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-06-18 2026-09-16
6:46+18:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
6:47+17:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.5060.134 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-06-28 2026-09-14
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-01 2026-09-10
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:41+23:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-26 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1360:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-02 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1420:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 4 2026-09-03 2026-09-14
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:49+15:0:1280:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:43+21:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-04 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-13 2026-09-13
4:39+25:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 39+25 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL39+25 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-03 2026-09-15
4:41+23:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-02 2026-09-15
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*29,11:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:121… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:121.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/121.0
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-02 2026-09-10
4:42+22:0:1420:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-30 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1452:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
6:48+16:0:1440:65535,10:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-18 2026-09-15
4:55+9:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-07-07 2026-09-16
4:54+10:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-07-16 2026-09-13
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-11 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1240:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-04 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1330:mss*49,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-08 2026-09-10
6:45+19:0:1360:mss*48,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/140.0
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-10 2026-09-11
4:50+14:0:1330:mss*49,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-04 2026-09-11
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,9:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-13 2026-09-15
6:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-08 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1356:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:id-:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-04 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/140.0
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-16 2026-09-16
4:49+15:0:1420:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-03 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-08 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1440:mss*44,1:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-04 2026-09-11
4:43+21:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-04 2026-09-15
6:51+13:0:1440:mss*30,10:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-03 2026-09-12
4:51+13:0:1410:mss*46,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWe… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-06-30 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1452:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1360:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:55+9:0:1240:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-26 2026-09-11
4:47+17:0:1380:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-30 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,12:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/152.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-09-13 2026-09-13
4:53+11:0:1412:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 3 2026-08-21 2026-09-09

How confidence is assigned