Anomalies

Where a client's self-declaration disagrees with what its connection actually proved at the wire. A User-Agent is a claim anyone can set; the TLS, TCP, and HTTP/2 fingerprints below are measured from the bytes. Disagreement is the classic signal of automation dressed as a browser — though VPNs, proxies, privacy tools, and shared fingerprints produce honest mismatches too, so these are leads, not verdicts. Each check scans every co-observed pairing on record (showing one check, capped at 500 rows).

OS claim vs. TCP stack

A User-Agent's claimed operating system against the initial TTL of its TCP SYN. An initial TTL of 64 is Unix-like (Linux, macOS, iOS, Android, BSD); 128 is Windows. A "Windows" User-Agent arriving on a TTL-64 stack — or vice versa — is inconsistent, subject to the proxy/NAT caveats above.

fingerprintUser-Agentclaimswire showsconfidenceseenfirst seenlast seen
6:56+8:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10948 2026-07-22 2026-09-16
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 2726 2026-07-01 2026-09-16
6:58+6:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 1799 2026-08-06 2026-09-16
4:53+11:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 1764 2026-07-03 2026-09-16
6:42+22:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 1692 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
6:41+23:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 1063 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
6:56+8:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/145.0.0.0 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 942 2026-07-25 2026-09-15
4:55+9:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 449 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
6:55+9:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 438 2026-08-06 2026-08-30
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 407 2026-07-11 2026-08-27
6:53+11:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 362 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
6:52+12:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 358 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
6:46+18:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 356 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 210 2026-08-03 2026-09-16
4:116+12:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 116+12 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/600.2.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0.2 Safari/600.2.5 (Gort)
Observed TTL116+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 151 2026-08-01 2026-09-16
6:56+8:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/144.0.0.0 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 144 2026-07-25 2026-09-05
6:58+6:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/145.0.0.0 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 144 2026-08-06 2026-09-14
4:49+15:0:1400:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/120.0.0.0
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 108 2026-07-29 2026-09-10
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/136.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Chrome-Lighthouse
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 95 2026-06-25 2026-09-13
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 11; moto g power (20… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 11; moto g power (2022)) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/136.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36 Chrome-Lighthouse
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 91 2026-06-25 2026-09-13
4:54+10:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/147.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 91 2026-07-19 2026-09-16
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Buil… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/151.0.7922.173 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 78 2026-08-26 2026-09-09
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 60 2026-09-11 2026-09-16
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,3:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 58 2026-08-20 2026-08-21
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 53 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*29,11:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 49 2026-08-25 2026-09-10
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 48 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1400:mss*20,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/120.0.0.0
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 48 2026-07-28 2026-09-10
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 46 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 46 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 45 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 43 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 42 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 42 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 42 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 41 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:112+16:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/600.2.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0.2 Safari/600.2.5 (Gort)
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 41 2026-08-01 2026-09-16
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 41 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Buil… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/151.0.7922.137 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 41 2026-08-18 2026-08-25
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 40 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 40 2026-07-01 2026-09-11
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 40 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 40 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 39 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 39 2026-08-29 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 39 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 39 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 38 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 37 2026-07-05 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 37 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 37 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1410:mss*46,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.132 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 37 2026-06-30 2026-09-09
6:41+23:0:1340:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-09-15 2026-09-16
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-08-21 2026-09-14
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-07-24 2026-09-11
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 36 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Buil… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.84 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 35 2026-07-01 2026-09-13
4:57+7:0:1420:mss*46,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 57+7 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.6422.60 Safari/537.36 Edge/12.246
Observed TTL57+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 35 2026-07-08 2026-09-09
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 35 2026-09-08 2026-09-11
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 35 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 35 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 34 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
6:56+8:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:147… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:147.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/147.0 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 34 2026-07-26 2026-09-02
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 34 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 34 2026-07-30 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 34 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1460:mss*29,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 33 2026-08-21 2026-09-01
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 33 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 33 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 32 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-07-05 2026-09-10
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1360:mss*48,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-07-07 2026-08-22
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 31 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-07-30 2026-09-11
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-22 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 30 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
6:56+8:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/146.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/146.0.0.0 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-07-25 2026-08-31
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 29 2026-08-21 2026-09-07
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 28 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 28 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 28 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 28 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 28 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 27 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 27 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 27 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 27 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 27 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-22 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-07-05 2026-09-08
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:115+13:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 115+13 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/600.2.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0.2 Safari/600.2.5 (Gort)
Observed TTL115+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-07-31 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1360:mss*48,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-07-08 2026-08-22
4:49+15:0:1410:mss*46,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.132 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-06-30 2026-09-09
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
6:58+6:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/144.0.0.0 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-06 2026-09-02
4:46+18:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 26 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:45+19:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-07-30 2026-09-09
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 25 2026-07-01 2026-09-16
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-26 2026-09-13
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-07-05 2026-09-09
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.8 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 24 2026-07-25 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:46+18:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:45+19:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-07-06 2026-08-30
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:45+19:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-07-05 2026-09-08
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:35844,0:mss,?34,nop,nop:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/145.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-09-02 2026-09-06
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-07-19 2026-09-16
4:46+18:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 23 2026-08-21 2026-09-07
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-07-30 2026-09-09
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-12
4:45+19:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.4 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
6:52+12:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/133.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-07-01 2026-08-26
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 22 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:51+13:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-21 2026-09-07
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
6:56+8:0:1380:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/143.0.0.0 (compatible; meta-externalagent/1.1 (+https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/crawler))
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-07-25 2026-08-31
4:55+9:0:1460:mss*29,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-25 2026-08-27
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*29,12:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:133… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:133.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/133.0
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-06-25 2026-09-09
4:43+21:0:1460:mss*20,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 … User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.2623.112 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-07-01 2026-09-02
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/133.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-07-14 2026-09-11
4:44+20:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-21 2026-09-07
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 21 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.1 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:44+20:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-29 2026-09-11
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-07-30 2026-09-08
4:49+15:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-06-19 2026-08-30
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1460:mss*20,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36 QIHU 360SE
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-07-01 2026-09-02
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.2 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*29,12:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-06-25 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*20,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/152.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 20 2026-09-05 2026-09-05
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-07
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-07-29 2026-09-10
4:47+17:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.9 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-06-17 2026-09-08
6:43+21:0:1340:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-09-15 2026-09-16
4:51+13:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-30 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-30 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 19 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-07-29 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:48+16:0:1400:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/120.0.0.0
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-03 2026-08-31
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-09-03 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.6 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-18 2026-08-18
4:48+16:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:46+18:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-06-19 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:43+21:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:53+11:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/151.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-08-20 2026-08-26
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/140.0
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 18 2026-06-30 2026-09-01
4:50+14:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.7 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-06-19 2026-09-16
4:44+20:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/149.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/149.0.0.0
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-07-30 2026-08-28
4:51+13:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/5… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; K) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/138.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Google-Read-Aloud; +https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/1061943)
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-07-28 2026-09-08
4:47+17:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:43+21:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.3 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 17 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:42+22:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:43+21:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:49+15:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:43+21:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-26 2026-09-10
4:44+20:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-07-29 2026-09-11
4:49+15:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 16 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:43+21:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:120+8:0:1460:mss*44,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+,ecn:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 120+8 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL120+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-12 2026-09-07
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:51+13:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:48+16:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:52+12:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:48+16:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:43+21:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:43+21:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
6:48+16:0:1420:mss*45,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/152.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 15 2026-09-01 2026-09-01
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-30 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/140.0
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-06-20 2026-09-11
4:44+20:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
6:55+9:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.8 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-17 2026-08-17
4:44+20:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:42+22:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-09-02 2026-09-09
4:49+15:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*29,11:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-09-13 2026-09-16
4:52+12:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:48+16:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:46+18:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:45+19:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:44+20:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-30 2026-09-05
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:44+20:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:42+22:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-09-04 2026-09-13
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,3:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/125.0.0.0
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-20 2026-08-20
4:42+22:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:116+12:0:1460:mss*44,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+,ecn:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 116+12 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.2 Safari/605.1.15
Observed TTL116+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 14 2026-07-13 2026-09-01
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:44+20:0:1452:mss*4,4:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:43+21:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-31 2026-09-09
4:44+20:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-07-25 2026-09-09
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.5 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-07-23 2026-09-09
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-12
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-13 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:44+20:0:1452:mss*4,4:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-07-05 2026-09-05
4:43+21:0:1452:mss*4,4:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-07-05 2026-09-05
6:47+17:0:1420:mss*45,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/152.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-09-01 2026-09-01
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-09-02 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:42+22:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:112+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 18_1 like Mac… User-Agent claims iOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 18_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) CriOS/150.0.0.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSiOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-27 2026-08-31
4:49+15:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,3:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:128… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:128.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/128.0
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-20 2026-08-21
4:44+20:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:41+23:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-07-29 2026-09-08
4:48+16:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:112+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 14; Pixel 8) AppleWe… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 14; Pixel 8) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/150.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-27 2026-08-31
4:43+21:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 13 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-09-01 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-26 2026-09-14
4:52+12:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:119+9:0:1460:62727,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.… User-Agent claims Linux
TCP SYN initial TTL 119+9 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/150.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL119+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSLinux
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-09 2026-09-09
4:113+15:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.… User-Agent claims Linux
TCP SYN initial TTL 113+15 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL113+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSLinux
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-09-08 2026-09-09
4:51+13:0:1452:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:112+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_5 like Mac… User-Agent claims iOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_5 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.5 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSiOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-27 2026-08-30
4:49+15:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:43+21:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:47+17:0:1300:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/151.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-20 2026-08-20
4:117+11:0:1460:mss*44,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) … User-Agent claims macOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 117+11 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/134.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL117+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSmacOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-07-08 2026-09-07
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-30 2026-09-10
4:58+6:0:1460:62727,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/151.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-28 2026-09-03
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-29 2026-09-05
4:47+17:0:1460:1152,0:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-20 2026-08-21
4:53+11:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:114+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_6 like Mac… User-Agent claims iOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 114+14 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_6 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.6 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Observed TTL114+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSiOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-27 2026-08-31
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:112+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 16_6 like Mac… User-Agent claims iOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 16_6 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.6 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSiOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-28 2026-08-31
4:48+16:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
6:48+16:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-07-26 2026-09-06
4:49+15:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-30 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-26 2026-09-09
4:46+18:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-07-15 2026-08-27
4:46+18:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 12 2026-08-31 2026-09-15
4:52+12:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:114+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 12; Pixel 6) AppleWe… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 114+14 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 12; Pixel 6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/150.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36
Observed TTL114+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-27 2026-08-30
4:53+11:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:43+21:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-30 2026-09-08
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-09-02 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-26 2026-09-07
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:43+21:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-04
4:53+11:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:49+15:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:47+17:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-30 2026-09-13
4:46+18:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.3 Safari/537.36 Edg/135.0.0.3
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:51+13:0:1410:mss*46,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0) AppleWebKit/537.36… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-06-25 2026-09-14
4:42+22:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:46+18:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
6:48+16:0:1420:mss*45,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/149.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-09-01 2026-09-01
4:43+21:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:48+16:0:1400:mss*20,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/120.0.0.0
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-07-23 2026-09-10
4:58+6:0:1420:mss*46,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 58+6 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL58+6 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-30 2026-09-16
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-26 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-13
4:42+22:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:44+20:0:1452:mss*4,4:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-09-02 2026-09-05
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1452:mss*4,4:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-07-29 2026-09-05
4:47+17:0:1460:65535,3:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 OPR/109.0.0.0
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-20 2026-08-20
4:55+9:0:1460:65535,6:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 55+9 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/151.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL55+9 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-25 2026-08-27
4:113+15:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_3 like Mac… User-Agent claims iOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 113+15 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_3 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.3 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Observed TTL113+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSiOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-27 2026-08-30
4:53+11:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:46+18:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-09-01 2026-09-13
4:111+17:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 16_6 like Mac… User-Agent claims iOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 111+17 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 16_6 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.6 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Observed TTL111+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSiOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-27 2026-08-29
6:52+12:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-13 2026-09-14
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 11 2026-08-28 2026-09-14
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:49+15:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-30 2026-09-15
4:47+17:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-30 2026-09-05
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.3 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-23 2026-08-18
4:43+21:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-31 2026-09-05
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:44+20:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:112+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.… User-Agent claims Linux
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/150.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 OPR/135.0.0.0
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSLinux
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-27 2026-08-30
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/135.0.0.0
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:46+18:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:42+22:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-10
4:48+16:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:50+14:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.4 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:49+15:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-04
4:52+12:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-06-11 2026-09-16
4:52+12:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:49+15:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:54+10:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/130.0.0.0
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-09-07 2026-09-07
4:41+23:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-26 2026-09-07
4:42+22:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-30 2026-09-05
4:49+15:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-09-02 2026-09-09
4:49+15:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-04
4:43+21:0:1452:mss*4,4:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:44+20:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:53+11:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:41+23:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:112+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_4 like Mac… User-Agent claims iOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 112+16 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_4 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) FxiOS/153.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Observed TTL112+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSiOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-29 2026-08-31
4:48+16:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:51+13:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:56+8:0:1460:mss*29,11:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 56+8 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL56+8 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-11 2026-09-10
4:51+13:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:53+11:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:51+13:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-28 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-30 2026-09-10
4:41+23:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:57+7:0:1460:mss*15,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 57+7 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/151.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL57+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-24 2026-08-24
4:113+15:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 13; SM-S918B) AppleW… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 113+15 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 13; SM-S918B) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/150.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36
Observed TTL113+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-29 2026-08-30
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:121+7:0:1412:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Buil… User-Agent claims Android
TCP SYN initial TTL 121+7 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/153.0.8010.36 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Observed TTL121+7 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSAndroid
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-09-11 2026-09-16
4:52+12:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-07
4:45+19:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:46+18:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:113+15:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 16_6 like Mac… User-Agent claims iOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 113+15 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 16_6 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.6 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Observed TTL113+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSiOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-28 2026-08-31
4:45+19:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:49+15:0:1410:mss*46,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0) AppleWebKit/537.36… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-05 2026-09-06
6:54+10:0:1440:mss*45,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-09 2026-09-14
4:47+17:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:114+14:0:1460:65535,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_4 like Mac… User-Agent claims iOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 114+14 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_4 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) CriOS/150.0.0.0 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Observed TTL114+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSiOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-27 2026-08-31
4:49+15:0:1460:mss*44,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:140.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/140.0
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-06-30 2026-09-01
4:43+21:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-08-31 2026-09-11
4:51+13:0:1460:65535,9:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.61 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-06-12 2026-09-08
4:42+22:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 10 2026-07-30 2026-09-15
4:54+10:0:1460:32768,10:mss,nop,ws,sok,ts::0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.5 Safari/537.36 Edg/135.0.0.5
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:47+17:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-04
4:49+15:0:1440:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:44+20:0:1424:59220,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/148.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-28 2026-09-15
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:45+19:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/149.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:48+16:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-26 2026-09-10
4:52+12:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:53+11:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-15
4:41+23:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:47+17:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-30 2026-09-08
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:53+11:0:1380:mss*47,10:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 53+11 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/151.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL53+11 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-14 2026-09-14
4:50+14:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-26 2026-09-09
4:47+17:0:1452:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 47+17 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL47+17 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:46+18:0:1460:mss*44,9:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/135.0.0.7 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-17 2026-08-18
4:45+19:0:1420:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:46+18:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 46+18 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL46+18 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:44+20:0:1452:mss*4,4:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-31 2026-09-05
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-30 2026-09-08
4:52+12:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 52+12 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.4951.67 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL52+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:50+14:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-11
4:51+13:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 51+13 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL51+13 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:45+19:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 45+19 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL45+19 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-07
4:42+22:0:1412:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
6:48+16:0:1440:65535,7:mss,nop,nop,sok,nop,ws:flow:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/144.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-09 2026-09-15
4:116+12:0:1460:mss*44,8:mss,nop,ws,nop,nop,sok:df,id+,ecn:0 Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_2 like Mac… User-Agent claims iOS
TCP SYN initial TTL 116+12 indicates Windows

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 17_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.2 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1
Observed TTL116+12 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSiOS
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-07-19 2026-09-01
4:48+16:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 48+16 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL48+16 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-08
4:42+22:0:1452:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 42+22 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL42+22 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:44+20:0:1452:mss*4,4:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 44+20 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL44+20 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-02 2026-09-05
4:43+21:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 43+21 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL43+21 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-05
4:49+15:0:1460:65535,8:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 49+15 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL49+15 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-02 2026-09-11
4:54+10:0:1460:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 54+10 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL54+10 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-02 2026-09-15
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-26 2026-09-05
4:50+14:0:1460:mss*44,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:41+23:0:1400:65535,6:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 41+23 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL41+23 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-08-21 2026-09-09
4:50+14:0:1460:35844,0:mss,?34,nop,nop:df,id+:0 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleW… User-Agent claims Windows
TCP SYN initial TTL 50+14 indicates Unix-like

The initial TTL is set by the sending kernel (64 on Unix-like systems, 128 on Windows) and survives NAT. But VPNs, proxies and tunnels legitimately replace the sending stack, so this check never exceeds medium confidence.

Full User-AgentMozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/146.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Observed TTL50+14 (observed + path distance → initial)
Claimed OSWindows
Confidencemedium — repeated co-occurrence, but initial TTL is environmental — capped at medium
medium 9 2026-09-02 2026-09-07

How confidence is assigned